“985工程”高校科研效率动态演进及区域比较     

王树乔  王惠  李锋  于永芳 《科技管理研究》2016,(17):87-92

高校科研效率问题研究为高校学科发展的规划提供科学依据。采用非径向、非角度的SBM模型对中国36所"985工程"高校2008—2014年度的科研效率进行测算,比较其区域差异;进一步利用非参数方法中的核密度估计方法刻画高校科研效率动态演化过程。研究结果显示:我国"985工程"高校科研效率水平不均衡,存在一定的地域差异,中部地区的"985工程"高校科研综合技术效率水平较高;规模效率的核密度曲线分布"单峰"特征明显,纯技术效率和技术效率核密度曲线分布均呈现"双峰"状。  相似文献   

Contingency in innovation and the role of national systems: taxol and taxotère in the USA and France     

Vivien Walsh  Muriel Le Roux 《Research Policy》2004,33(9):1307-1327

A very rich collection of archival material is used to compare two anticancer drugs commercialised by multinationals collaborating with public sector research, one in the USA and one in France. The framework of national innovation systems is used to compare the innovative environments for each development (different institutional structures, research programmes, financing, industry-academic-government relationships, environmental concern, and intellectual property regimes). The empirical work was able to bring out the nuances and subtleties of each environment, the way in which innovation took place in practice, and some striking differences from what stereotypical accounts of innovation in each country would have suggested.  相似文献   

科技奖励对社会创新的影响机理——基于广东的探索性案例分析     

郑茜 《科技管理研究》2020,40(24):19-25

对科技奖励作用于社会创新的机理加以研究，认为承认是科技奖励的本质特征，科技奖励以“动机+资源+环境”的模式推动社会创新进程和成果转化：通过承认机制激发科研人员的需求；通过激励机制强化科研人员的创新动机；通过导向机制引导优势资源向重点发展技术领域、产业方向聚集；通过竞争机制筛选优秀科研成果和人才，营造良好的社会创新环境。而在这种模式下取得的经济效益又用于加大科技奖励投入，循环往复地推动社会创新不断发展。以广东省科学技术奖为例研究其对社会创新的作用机制，认为其主要通过控制奖励数量、提高奖金额度、调整奖项结构、提升奖励质量等方式发挥科技奖励的承认、激励导向和竞争作用。在此基础上分析广东省科技奖励体系存在的问题，提出发挥民间力量设奖、规范奖后派生待遇、提高个人奖项权重、加大对青年科学家支持力度等对策建议。  相似文献   

Understanding the emergence and deployment of “nano” S&T     

Barry Bozeman  Philippe Laredo 《Research Policy》2007,36(6):807-812

As an introduction to the special issue on “emerging nanotechnologies”, this paper puts in perspective contemporary debates and challenges about nanotechnology. It presents an overview of diverse analyses and expectations about this presumably revolutionary set of technological, scientific and industrial developments. Three main lines of argument can then be delineated: first of all, the degree of cumulativeness of science and technologies and the respective roles of newcomers and incumbents in the industrial dynamics; second the knowledge dynamics in nanotechnologies, especially the linkages by science and technology and third the role of institutions (network, geographic agglomeration and job market). It finally discusses methodologies to delineate the field of nanotechnologies and to collect data.  相似文献   

Domesticating Computers and the Internet   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jonathon N. Cummings  Robert Kraut 《The Information Society》2002,18(3):221-231

The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated people, mostly men, in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national surveys to document how personal computers and the Internet have become increasingly domesticated since 1995 and to explore the mechanisms for this shift. Now people log on more often from home than from places of employment and do so for pleasure and for personal purposes rather than for their jobs. Analyses comparing veteran Internet users to novices in 1998 and 2000 and analyses comparing the change in use within a single sample between 1995 and 1996 support two complementary explanations for how these technologies have become domesticated. Women, children, and less well-educated individuals are increasingly using computers and the Internet and have a more personal set of motives than well-educated men. In addition, the widespread diffusion of the PC and the Internet and the response of the computing industry to the diversity in consumers has led to a rich set of personal and domestic services.  相似文献   

国内外绿色供应链研究进展——基于HistCite和CiteSpace的可视化分析_^*     

朱乐乐  蒋丽 《科技管理研究》2020,(24)

随着企业在发展过程中环境保护和可持续发展的意识不断加深,绿色供应链的发展和应用成为学者们的研究热点。本文将从Web of Science和CNKI中以“绿色供应链”为主题检索到的1521篇文献作为研究对象,利用文献分析工具HistCite和CiteSpace,分别从发文的时间、作者、机构、国家/地区以及热点文献等方面进行可视化分析,以期能够对绿色供应链领域的研究现状有一个全方位的了解和把握,并在最后展望了我国未来在该领域的研究方向。  相似文献   

内蒙古自然灾害综合分区与评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

银山香宝 《资源科学》2002,24(3):31-35

以 2 0 0 0年TM影像为基础获取的土地利用现状数据为依据 ,结合近 4 0a的气象资料 ,选择干旱、沙漠化、水土流失、白灾、盐渍化、霜冻等指标 ,应用层次分析法 ,对内蒙古自治区自然灾害进行综合分区与评价研究。进一步根据评价结果划分了极重灾害区、重灾害区、中灾害区、轻灾害区、微灾害区等 5个灾害等级区域 ,并结合不同区域的自然环境与社会经济状况进行了自然灾害的综合分析与评价  相似文献   

国际期刊撤销论文引证特征及其自身净化效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

付中静 《中国科技期刊研究》2016,27(4):346-351

【目的】分析Web of Science（WoS）数据库近十年撤销论文的引证特征,探究撤销行为对学术界的净化效果。【方法】分析撤销论文数量、被引频次等信息和期刊影响因子（impact factor,IF）的相关性,撤销时滞与论文被引频次的相关性;计算高被引撤销论文对IF的贡献率;评价撤销时滞对撤销前、后被引频次的影响。【结果】 76种期刊（撤销论文数量≥5篇）IF和撤销论文数量、总被引频次、撤销后被引频次、篇均被引频次相关(均为P<0.05)。撤销时滞和撤销论文总被引频次相关（P=0.000）。随撤销时滞延长,撤销前被引频次逐渐增大。高被引撤销论文对期刊IF的贡献率为0.00%～2.00%。【结论】高IF期刊发表的、撤销时滞长的撤销论文对学术界的负影响较大;肯定期刊进行自我净化效果的同时,建议科研管理部门、期刊编辑和科研人员等加强对撤销论文及其不良影响的关注。  相似文献   

2000年《Science》载文、作者和引文的统计分析   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

阎惠红  甘玉梅  陈利涛 《情报科学》2002,20(6):599-600

本文统计了《Science》2000年的论文、作者及其引文，重点讨论了该刊的载文量、论文作者的系统及地区分布，作者的合作度、合著率和引文统计等问题。  相似文献   

Is the Internet a US invention?—an economic and technological history of computer networking     

David C. Mowery  Timothy Simcoe 《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

Although the inventions embodied in the Internet originated in a diverse set of industrial economies, the US was consistently the source of critical innovations and an early adopter of new applications. Why did other nations, including several that made important inventive contributions to the Internet, not play a larger role in its development, particularly in the creation of new business organizations, governance institutions, and applications? We argue that the role of the US “national innovation system” in the creation of the Internet echoes several key themes of US technological development before 1940. The presence of a large domestic market, a set of antitrust and regulatory policies that weakened the power of incumbent telecommunications firms, and a diverse private/public research community that was willing to work with both domestic and foreign inventions were important preconditions for US leadership in computer networking innovation.  相似文献